Automate safe system upodates with a single script (for APT + systemd systems)

THE PROBLEM Keeping a Linux system fully updated usually means doing several things by hand: Update APT package lists Upgrade installed packages Remove unused dependencies and cached files Update Flatpak apps (if you use Flatpak) Update firmware via fwupd (if available) Decide whether to reboot or shut down None of that is hard, but it is repetitive and easy to skip steps, especially firmware updates. This script turns that whole workflow into a single, safe command. REQUIREMENTS This script assumes: Package manager Uses APT Example: Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and similar Init system Uses systemd (for systemctl reboot/poweroff) Shell bash (script uses “#!/usr/bin/env bash” and “set -euo pipefail”) You can run it with: bash script.sh Privileges Your user has sudo rights Optional components Flatpak (optional) If not installed, Flatpak steps are skipped fwupd (fwupdmgr, optional) If not installed, firmware steps a...
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Transferring files: FTP, SSH, SCP

FTP

FTF is the oldest protocol. Still used, but deprecated if we speak about security as passwords are not encrypted. Nowadays replaced by:

  • rsyc
  • sftp which is via ssh
  • ncftp
  • yafc
  • ncftp
  • yafc

Secure Shell - SSH

SSH is a cryptographic protocol for secure data transmission.

$ ssh <system_machine>
Logs in to the destination system machine

$ ssh -l <someone> <system_machine>
or
$ ssh <someone@system_machine>
Logs in to the destination system machine with the specified user credentials


SCP

$ scp <localfile> <user@remotesystem>:/home/user/
Copies files between two secure networked hosts via SSH. The transfer is protected by password, which is related to the transfer itself instead of the destination machine.


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