Automate safe system upodates with a single script (for APT + systemd systems)

THE PROBLEM Keeping a Linux system fully updated usually means doing several things by hand: Update APT package lists Upgrade installed packages Remove unused dependencies and cached files Update Flatpak apps (if you use Flatpak) Update firmware via fwupd (if available) Decide whether to reboot or shut down None of that is hard, but it is repetitive and easy to skip steps, especially firmware updates. This script turns that whole workflow into a single, safe command. REQUIREMENTS This script assumes: Package manager Uses APT Example: Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and similar Init system Uses systemd (for systemctl reboot/poweroff) Shell bash (script uses “#!/usr/bin/env bash” and “set -euo pipefail”) You can run it with: bash script.sh Privileges Your user has sudo rights Optional components Flatpak (optional) If not installed, Flatpak steps are skipped fwupd (fwupdmgr, optional) If not installed, firmware steps a...
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Process and device isolation

Process isolation

Linux isolates the processes, and each of them can't access others' ones, even of they're running under the same user's privileges.

Other system Linux uses to enhance security and protection:

  • Control Groups (cgroups)
    Administrators can group processes and associate a limit of resources to each cgroup.
  • Containers
    It runs multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single system based on cgroups.
  • Virtualisation
    Entire systems can run simultaneously as isolated and insulated guests (virtual machines) on one physical host.

Device isolation

Hardware and devices are not directly accessible. There is a file system layer which creates a file called node in /dev/ for every device of hardware. Each device special file has a standard owner, group and world permission fields. Security is the same like a normal file.


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