Automate safe system upodates with a single script (for APT + systemd systems)

THE PROBLEM Keeping a Linux system fully updated usually means doing several things by hand: Update APT package lists Upgrade installed packages Remove unused dependencies and cached files Update Flatpak apps (if you use Flatpak) Update firmware via fwupd (if available) Decide whether to reboot or shut down None of that is hard, but it is repetitive and easy to skip steps, especially firmware updates. This script turns that whole workflow into a single, safe command. REQUIREMENTS This script assumes: Package manager Uses APT Example: Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and similar Init system Uses systemd (for systemctl reboot/poweroff) Shell bash (script uses “#!/usr/bin/env bash” and “set -euo pipefail”) You can run it with: bash script.sh Privileges Your user has sudo rights Optional components Flatpak (optional) If not installed, Flatpak steps are skipped fwupd (fwupdmgr, optional) If not installed, firmware steps a...
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Commands history and recalling

Command: $ history

File: ~/.bash_history

Syntax:

  • !
    Start a history substitution
  • !$
    Refer to the last argument in a line
  • !n
    Refer to the nth command line
  • !string
    Refer to the most recent command starting with string


Variables:

  • HISTFILE
    The location of the history file
  • HISTFILESIZE
    The maximum number of lines in the history file (default 500)
  • HISTSIZE
    The maximum number of commands in the history file
  • HISTCONTROL
    How commands are stored
  • HISTIGNORE
    Which command lines can be unsaved
Shortcuts:
  • CTRL+R
    Searches a previous command
  • !!
    Executes the last command


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