Automate safe system upodates with a single script (for APT + systemd systems)

THE PROBLEM Keeping a Linux system fully updated usually means doing several things by hand: Update APT package lists Upgrade installed packages Remove unused dependencies and cached files Update Flatpak apps (if you use Flatpak) Update firmware via fwupd (if available) Decide whether to reboot or shut down None of that is hard, but it is repetitive and easy to skip steps, especially firmware updates. This script turns that whole workflow into a single, safe command. REQUIREMENTS This script assumes: Package manager Uses APT Example: Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and similar Init system Uses systemd (for systemctl reboot/poweroff) Shell bash (script uses “#!/usr/bin/env bash” and “set -euo pipefail”) You can run it with: bash script.sh Privileges Your user has sudo rights Optional components Flatpak (optional) If not installed, Flatpak steps are skipped fwupd (fwupdmgr, optional) If not installed, firmware steps a...
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CPU(s) load average

The load average is the average of the CPU load in a given period of time. It takes into account processes that are:

  • Actively running on a CPU
  • Considered runnable, but waiting for a CPU to become available
  • Sleeping: i.e. waiting for some kind of resource (typically, I/O) to become available

$ w
$ top (also shows real-time processes)
$ uptime

The CPU load is summarised in a line with 3 values which are 0.00 to 1.00. Translated in percentages 0% to 100%. If more than 1.00, the CPU is overloaded. If it's too high, there is probably some process in a non-responding state.

  • The first value is related to the last minute
  • The second value is related to the last 5 minutes
  • The first value is related to the last 15 minutes

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