Automate safe system upodates with a single script (for APT + systemd systems)

THE PROBLEM Keeping a Linux system fully updated usually means doing several things by hand: Update APT package lists Upgrade installed packages Remove unused dependencies and cached files Update Flatpak apps (if you use Flatpak) Update firmware via fwupd (if available) Decide whether to reboot or shut down None of that is hard, but it is repetitive and easy to skip steps, especially firmware updates. This script turns that whole workflow into a single, safe command. REQUIREMENTS This script assumes: Package manager Uses APT Example: Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and similar Init system Uses systemd (for systemctl reboot/poweroff) Shell bash (script uses “#!/usr/bin/env bash” and “set -euo pipefail”) You can run it with: bash script.sh Privileges Your user has sudo rights Optional components Flatpak (optional) If not installed, Flatpak steps are skipped fwupd (fwupdmgr, optional) If not installed, firmware steps a...
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Comparing files and updating them via PATCH

diff
To compare 2 text files or 2 directories

A patch file contains the deltas (changes) required to update an older version of a file to the new one. The patch files are produced by running:
$ diff -Nur originalfile newfile > patchfile
or
$ diff -N -u -r originalfile newfile > patchfile

To apply a patch:
$ patch -p1 < patchfile for an entire directory tree
$ patch originalfile patchfile for a single file


cmp
To compare 2 binary files


$ diff3 FIRST-FILE REFERENCE-FILE SECOND-FILE
To compare 2 files with the referenced one

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